Equations relating the velocity and angular velocity of a point in circular motion, v = w X r (1) w = r X v / r.r (2) Combining these equations looking to arrive at w=w or v=v, one sees a reminder that each is perpendicular to r. w = r X (w X r) / r.r v = (r X v) X r / r.r |v| = |w| |r| sin(ph) |w| = |r| |w| |r| sin(ph) / (|r||r|) |w| = |w| sin(ph) sin(ph) = 1 |w| = |r| |v| sin(th) / (|r||r|) |v| = |r| |v| |r| sin(th) / (|r||r|) |v| = |v| sin(th) sin(th) = 1 By components for w, v = w X r (1) v1 = w2 r3 - w3 r2 v2 = w3 r1 - w1 r3 v3 = w1 r2 - w2 r1 w = r X v / r.r (2) w1 = (r2 v3 - r3 v2)/(r.r) w2 = (r3 v1 - r1 v3)/(r.r) w3 = (r1 v2 - r2 v1)/(r.r) w1 = (w1 r2 r2 - w2 r1 r2 + w1 r3 r3 - w3 r1 r3)/(r.r) w2 = (w2 r1 r1 - w1 r1 r2 + w2 r3 r3 - w3 r2 r3)/(r.r) w3 = (w3 r1 r1 - w1 r1 r3 + w3 r2 r2 - w2 r2 r3)/(r.r) w1 r1 r1 = -w2 r1 r2 - w3 r1 r3 w2 r2 r2 = -w1 r1 r2 - w3 r2 r3 w3 r3 r3 = -w1 r1 r3 - w2 r2 r3 w1 r1 + w2 r2 + w3 r3 = 0 & r1 != 0 w1 r1 + w2 r2 + w3 r3 = 0 & r2 != 0 w1 r1 + w2 r2 + w3 r3 = 0 & r3 != 0 (w dot r is zero, and one or more of r1, r2, and r3 aren't) What want for a reminder that v, w, and r be perpendicular for circular motion? The radius is measured from the center of the circular motion under consideration. Equation (1) happens to also be true for r measured from any point on the axis of rotation, a common example of a convenient origin other than the center of circular motion being the center of a rotating sphere while looking at non-equatorial points. With Equation (2), mistaken use of a sphere center radius thusly would both reduce the figured angular velocity magnitude and tilt its angle.